W. M. Smart, Textbook on Spherical Astronomy

Textbook on Spherical Astronomy is an astrological source represented here through cited material on angles, chart point, identity, dc, and descendant.

The cited material covers angles, chart point, identity, dc, and descendant.

Descendant is treated as its own chart-axis point through the horizon geometry layer, kept separate from seventh-house topics or relationship judgment.

Imum Coeli is treated as its own chart-axis point through the meridian geometry layer, kept separate from fourth-house topics or ancestry/home judgment.

This overview is limited to the cited portions. It does not stand in for the complete work, reproduce source passages, or make every documented technique a universal chart interpretation.